Sailboat Rig tuning is an art rather than a science and varies from boat to boat and from low winds to high winds. Remember that the rigging on a monohull unloads as the boat heels and spills wind out of it’s sails. When you look at Catamaran rig tuning, we have to keep in mind that our rigs never unload. We have stiffer masts because of this and larger diameter wire stays. As with all sail boats, the rigging not only holds up your mast, but also has an effect on sail shape, and therefore affects performance.
Racing boats have several rig tension setups depending upon wind speed
the day of the race. For a cruising boat, this is impractical, and
it makes more sense to aim for one rigging
setup that pretty much fits all the conditions. At the same time
addressing two or my particular challenges that need help. Windward performance and achieve some flattening of a baggy
main sail. According to the Selden Rig Tuning Guide, it's important to have correctly tuned
babystay or forward lower shrouds with a Masthead rig. This prevents inversion even if the
backstay breaks or is slackened, and will prevent your rig going overboard.
I’ve done a lot of reading on this subject and played with various rig tensions on Catalpa. What
I'm writing on this page is the result of my tinkering.
Initially look to see if the upper on the leeward side of the boat visibly
slackens on a beam reach. If it does, this needs to be addressed. Also, with
hands off the helm, does the boat round up? Is it gently or a sharp turn to
either leeward or windward?
I’ve found that stiffer rigging is a
generally better performing configuration for Catalac 27’s (8M), however tightening the rigging
will add more stress to the rigging attachment points. When we look how the rigging attaches to
the boat, the only weak area I can see is the foredeck, particularly the inner forestay. Depending
on the condition of your boat you may need reinforcing in this area, especially if you notice the
foredeck 'hogging up' in this area. If that's not feasible, I would say that a 20 year old boat
should not be sailed with tight rigging. On the other hand, I've sailed with a loose rigging
configuration and lost 1.5 mph of boat speed and what little pointing ability I had. Only you can
decide what your goals are in setting up the boat.
As I've mentioned, the goal on this page is to tune the rig for the sweetspot. We are going to
achieve this by slightly bending the tip of the mast aft and it affects sail shape, windward
pointing ability, pumping in a seaway and weather helm. It's a must for a baggy mainsail.
The tuning procedure begins at the dock on a calm day, with the rig slack. By slack I mean all
turnbuckles loose and the wire loose to the touch with the exception of the forestays. With a slack rig it's difficult to set
either forestay, as tightening them will just bend the mast forward as every other rigging
component is slack.
Before we do anything else, take a look at the way the mast sits in the tabernacle. Make sure
the base of the mast at the step is
hard against the rear of tabernacle. I neglected to check this when I first began adjusting and
never could get enough tension on my backstays. I called in our area's prominent rigger and he
pronounced the rig fine, and cautioned against over tightening the rigging. It wasn't until I was
in a conversation with the owner of a Catalac 9M about my problem that he indicated to take a look
at the mast base. He was right, I had a 5 degree mast rake. I corrected this and my problem was
solved. I don't blame the rigger, as I don't believe he gets many calls about catamarans with deck
stepped masts. I actually ended up buying a long thick bolt that fits the mast lowering slot at
the base of the mast and the coresponding hole in the rear of the tabernacle. This gets inserted
and tightened after raising the mast.
The forestay determines where the tip of the mast will be. So, assuming they look reasonably tight
with the rest of the rigging slack, and the mast tip looks to be in column (bow to stern), leave
both forestays where they are for now as a starting point. If, the mast is straight, and the
forestays are very slack, take the slack out. This is a critical adjustment. When you feel
comfortable with the forestays we can move on. We can get a little help by detaching the main
halyard from the mainsail holding it next to the mast to give us a straight edge to compare to.
Make sure you begin with a perfectly straight mast. If the mast appears to be bending forward,
loosen the forestays (gently) until it's straight.
Next, detach the topping lift from the boom and shorten it's length so that it's bitter end is
just above where the main halyard attaches to the mainsail. Tie the end of a tape measure to the
bitter end of the topping lift. Now mark a spot on the rail of each hull even with the mast.
Stretch the tape measure to each spot you've marked and take note of the measurement. The cap
stays (upper shrouds) are tensioned next and are tightened hand tightened first, keeping an eye on
our tape measure. Then use a short wrench to tighten, until we feel increasingly difficult
resistance. Stop at this point. Using the tape, insure that both port and starboard have the same
measurement.
Next, the lowers are tightened hand tight. You will also straighten the mast using the lowers. If
necessary, adjust the rigging screws for the cap shrouds without changing the cap shrouds tension
(slacken one rigging screw by exactly the same amount as you tighten the other one). As the lowers
are tightened, check that the mast is straight by sighting up the luff groove, or compare it to
our handy main halyard. At this time, we tighten the baby stay. It's important not to overdo this.
If the babystay is overtightened, a slight hogging upward will occur in the area of the base of
the babystay. If this occurs, loosen it.
Backstays are now tightened hand tight. The backstays shouldn't be overtightened, as not to
depower the sails in light wind.
We're ready to go for a test sail. It's important to sail as close to the wind as the Catalac will
go and maintain speed, as this exaggerates any possible slackening in the leeward shrouds as well
as checking the forestay sag. If there is any slack in the leeward shrouds, tighten them just
enough to eliminate it. Assume the other tack and do the same. At this time, it's impractical to
use a tape measure, and the mast is in column, so if they need tightening, just tighten port and
starboard an equal number of turns.
While sailing close to the wind, take a look at the all important forestay. Forestay sag is
identified by comparing the forestay to the furler jib halyard. In 5-10 mph winds the forestay sag
shouldn't exceed a couple of inches, if at all. In 15-20 mph winds 6-8 inches of sag is
acceptable. At this time, if necessary, reduce excessive slack in the forestay. This can be done
by tightening either the forestay or the backstays. Your helm tells us which one to adjust. If
your helm is balanced during the test sail, then adjust the forestay and backstays equally 1/2
turn at a time. If there is too much weather helm, tighten only the forestay. If there is any Lee
helm, tighten only the backstays. The boat should gently round up with your hands off the wheel
when you've completed your adjustments.
That's about all there is to it. The results are remarkable in that the boat feels balanced and
more responsive.
I have to add a disclaimer here. I'm a tinkerer, not a rigging expert. These adjustments and
procedure are what works well on my Catalac 27, and should be used only as a guideline when
setting up your rig.
